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llanitedave
Humble Megalomaniac


Reged: 09/26/05
Posts: 20063
Loc: Amargosa Valley, NV, USA
Apple twig disease? new
      #1441843 - 02/23/07 12:31 AM Attachment (21 downloads)

Hi all -- this is my first post on this particular forum (It's a Cloudy Night), but who better to give botany advice than star gazers?

Last May my wife and I bought a piece of desert land which had suffered from a year of neglect since the previous owners' death. There was a small fruit orchard on the property that included, among others, four apple trees. We didn't know it at the time, but all of the trees, stressed as they were by a long-term lack of water, were seriously attacked by borer beetles. Two of the apple trees died last June.

We've put in a lot of time since then on the surviving trees, keeping them fertilized, watered, and pruned. All except the apple trees seem to be coming back pretty strong, big swelling buds, and some have already put out a few flowers. It looks like this spring's bloom will be explosive!

Except for the apple trees. They were the worst-hit, and they still look like they're struggling. It may be too early to tell, but we're keeping our fingers crossed.

I don't know if the current mystery is related to the beetle attacks or not. One of the apple trees has developed some strange-shaped growths among its branches. I'm worried that it might be a bacterial or fungal infection, and I'm leaning towards cutting off the affected limbs. But I wonder if it might spread to the others, and if there is any treatment or prevention.

Anyway, below is a photograph of one of the branches. It's pretty, in its own way, but a little scary:

Attachment

--------------------
"Truth" is that which confounds our expectations...

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desertstars



Reged: 11/05/03
Posts: 41911
Loc: Tucson, AZ
Re: Apple twig disease? new [Re: llanitedave]
      #1442290 - 02/23/07 09:56 AM

Abnormal growth of that sort can be anything from insect pests to viral infections. Before doing much, I'd contact someone in the horticulture division of your local ag extension system.

UN Cooperative Extension

They'll be especially helpful if the agent causing this weird growth happens to be something of a local nature.

If the advice it to trim these branches off, I'd strongly recommend cleaning the blades of your cutters off with ethanol before pruning any normal branches, to prevent the spread of a pathogen if one is involved.

--------------------
Thomas Watson

Author of Mr. Olcott's Skies. Available in paperback and ebook from Amazon and Barnes & Noble.

@desertstarsbks

Under Desert StarsEither Way, It's Reading


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llanitedave
Humble Megalomaniac


Reged: 09/26/05
Posts: 20063
Loc: Amargosa Valley, NV, USA
Re: Apple twig disease? new [Re: desertstars]
      #1442437 - 02/23/07 11:15 AM

Thanks, Tom. I'll definitely give them a buzz!

--------------------
"Truth" is that which confounds our expectations...

Science is a bazaar, not a cathedral




"S.O.E." (Sauron's Other Eye), with 16" Royce conical mirror: A permanent work in progress.

The "Eye of Sauron" Observatory Open for Business!


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llanitedave
Humble Megalomaniac


Reged: 09/26/05
Posts: 20063
Loc: Amargosa Valley, NV, USA
I find this fasciating! new [Re: llanitedave]
      #1444528 - 02/24/07 11:34 AM

I got a response from the "Master Gardener" that Tom's link led to. In part, this was the answer:

"There is some unusual growth on some plants that resembles a flattened fan of compressed stems, sometimes curved. It is very grotesque-looking. This type of growth is called a fasciation. No one knows what causes this growth and it is not serious but it does happen to many different types of plants, not just fruit trees. Just remove it about a foot below this growth. It should not return."

Once I had a name, I could look around a little more widely for it. Apparently it's a type of or similar to a gall, and can be caused by a virus, fungus, bacteria, insect, mite, nematode, chemical, genetic mutation, mechanical damage, or nothing at all.

I feel better now!

--------------------
"Truth" is that which confounds our expectations...

Science is a bazaar, not a cathedral




"S.O.E." (Sauron's Other Eye), with 16" Royce conical mirror: A permanent work in progress.

The "Eye of Sauron" Observatory Open for Business!


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desertstars



Reged: 11/05/03
Posts: 41911
Loc: Tucson, AZ
Re: I find this fasciating! new [Re: llanitedave]
      #1445243 - 02/24/07 06:41 PM

Quote:

This type of growth is called a fasciation.






I'd forgotten that name.

All of the potential causitive agents are the sorts of things that take advantage of a plant under a lot of stress, which fits with what you descibed of what you found when you got there. Prune as directed (still be a good idea to clean the clippers) and go on with the level of care you're ow giving them, and this should be the end of it.

--------------------
Thomas Watson

Author of Mr. Olcott's Skies. Available in paperback and ebook from Amazon and Barnes & Noble.

@desertstarsbks

Under Desert StarsEither Way, It's Reading


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GJJim
scholastic sledgehammer


Reged: 09/09/06
Posts: 907
Loc: Western CO
Re: I find this fasciating! new [Re: desertstars]
      #1454801 - 03/01/07 11:53 AM

We have a small orchard on our property and faced the same situation five years ago. The previous owner neglected the trees and they hadn't been pruned or sprayed for years. Half of the apricot trees were dying from severe borer infestation, and the oldest apple trees showed symptoms similar to what you described. Other trees had cytospora and/or frothy flux, a bacterial disease that literally ferments the wood and poisions the tree with alcohol.

I hired an arborist to prune all our trees and cut down the dead ones. He told us that once a tree has bacterial infection in the main trunk, it will die, and fruit trees that are old and stressed should come down because they serve as a reservoir for pests that can attack healthy trees in commercial orchards. He cut down the diseased trees last because the bacteria and fungi can be spread to healthy wood via the cutters and chain saw blades.

I know it sounds harsh, but it might be best to take down those old, diseased apple trees and replace them with one of the newer semi-dwarf varieties. They use less water and are easier to maintain in a home orchard. You mentioned that some have already started to bloom, so it's too late to spray those with a dormant oil treatment. Ditto for the borers as they should have been treated last Fall. Check with your local extention office and get a calendar that lists the recommended dates for spraying fruit trees and ornamentals. Commercial growers often have disdain for us "amateurs" because most people with backyard fruit trees don't put in the time, money, and effort needed to maintain them properly.


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llanitedave
Humble Megalomaniac


Reged: 09/26/05
Posts: 20063
Loc: Amargosa Valley, NV, USA
Re: I find this fasciating! new [Re: GJJim]
      #1455967 - 03/01/07 10:22 PM

Good points all, Jim. Do you know what the typical life span for a fruit tree is expected to be?

--------------------
"Truth" is that which confounds our expectations...

Science is a bazaar, not a cathedral




"S.O.E." (Sauron's Other Eye), with 16" Royce conical mirror: A permanent work in progress.

The "Eye of Sauron" Observatory Open for Business!


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GJJim
scholastic sledgehammer


Reged: 09/09/06
Posts: 907
Loc: Western CO
Re: I find this fasciating! new [Re: llanitedave]
      #1456128 - 03/01/07 11:30 PM

Quote:

Good points all, Jim. Do you know what the typical life span for a fruit tree is expected to be?




I've heard the commercial orchards plan on them bearing fruit for ten years max. That would put the average age at 13 to 15 years before they're replaced. Of course their goals are maximum production and they aren't much concerned with aesthetics or shade value.

One thing I have learned from the commercial guys is to thin out the blossoms after petal fall. Getting rid of 1/2 or 2/3s of the buds yields bigger, better quality fruit and you don't end up mulching so much of it in the Fall when the neighbors (politely) say "ˇno más!"


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llanitedave
Humble Megalomaniac


Reged: 09/26/05
Posts: 20063
Loc: Amargosa Valley, NV, USA
Re: I find this fasciating! new [Re: GJJim]
      #1456205 - 03/02/07 12:22 AM

I'm not sure how old these trees are -- I suspect they're not all the same. The two apricots may be in their prime -- despite the lack of water for so long, they were barely touched by the borers and bore huge crops last year. They have a lot of buds on them this year as well. You know the story of the apples: four mature trees, two completely gone, and the other two heavily pruned and still struggling. I'll probably try to nurse them through this year and see what happens.

There's a small nectarine, it was hit pretty hard as well. I thought it was dead when we finally got the place, but it produced one blossom in the spring, and ended up putting on a lot of volume over the summer and fall. This year, the buds are ready to pop open, and there are a lot of them.

A cherry tree, little more than a stalk, I also assumed to be dead. But it put out several leaves, late, and then died. I found two borer holes in it, and broke it off to find the borers still living inside. But now, it's also putting out new shoots just above the graft mark, so if it doesn't get re-infested, it stands a decent chance.

A japanese plum produced 7 -- just 7 fruits last year. And it got bored pretty good as well. But this year, it lives up to what I predicted. It's already a dense, showy profusion of blossoms. No doubt it will have to be thinned dramatically, but it sure seems vigorous at the moment.

A pear tree appears to have sustained fairly slight damage, but it only grew two pears last year. It's buds are just starting to swell, but I feel pretty good about its health.

And a peach tree started out strong, but faded over the summer, and most of its peaches wilted and dried out just before ripening. It was the most heavily infested with borers after the apples. It's budding pretty well now, but I'm going to have to keep a close eye on it.

An almond is still pretty small, but the first time we saw the place it was producing nuts. Last year it blossomed, but didn't fruit. It has a few tunnels, and one small branch died, but overall seems to be doing well. Like the plum tree, it's blossoms are now spectacularly dense -- much more so than last spring.

Lastly, there was a prune-plum, still very small, that died, with a single borer-hole in the lower stalk. However, halfway through the summer, another shoot started growing up from the rootstock. I don't know what kind of root stock it was, and we're letting it grow out of curiosity. Even if it's not a fruiter, it should be interesting.

There were four other very small fruit trees in the group that died before we moved in, and I don't know what kind they were. We probably won't try to replace them till next year. For now, we have our hands full, but we're certainly enjoying the results!

--------------------
"Truth" is that which confounds our expectations...

Science is a bazaar, not a cathedral




"S.O.E." (Sauron's Other Eye), with 16" Royce conical mirror: A permanent work in progress.

The "Eye of Sauron" Observatory Open for Business!


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GJJim
scholastic sledgehammer


Reged: 09/09/06
Posts: 907
Loc: Western CO
Re: I find this fasciating! new [Re: llanitedave]
      #1457361 - 03/02/07 03:40 PM

That's quite a collection! Borers are tough to control once they're inside, but if you catch the nymphs in the soil with a permethrin drench in early Fall it cuts their numbers quite a bit. Some people dig around the trunk six inches deep and bury mothballs after the trees go dormant for the Winter. They claim the fumes will get the little buggers even after they've moved from the soil and burrowed under the bark.

We're coming out of the Winter freeze here next week, so it looks like some serious work lies ahead. Our apricots are usually in bloom by April 1st, and the apple trees follow a couple of weeks later.


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llanitedave
Humble Megalomaniac


Reged: 09/26/05
Posts: 20063
Loc: Amargosa Valley, NV, USA
Re: I find this fasciating! [Re: GJJim]
      #1458344 - 03/03/07 12:35 AM

I've read about the mothball trick -- we'll see what happen over the next six months or so and decide how to respond come fall.

Looks like our spring is about 4 weeks ahead of yours!

--------------------
"Truth" is that which confounds our expectations...

Science is a bazaar, not a cathedral




"S.O.E." (Sauron's Other Eye), with 16" Royce conical mirror: A permanent work in progress.

The "Eye of Sauron" Observatory Open for Business!


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