· Get a Cloudy Nights T-Shirt · Submit a Review / Article Click here if you are having trouble logging into the forums Privacy Policy | Please read our Terms of Service | Signup and Troubleshooting FAQ | Problems? PM a Red or a Green Gu… uh, User You are not logged in. [Login] Entrance · Main Index · Search · New user · Who's Online FAQ · Calendar Equipment Discussions >> Mounts Previous   Index   Next   Threaded   Pages: 1 | 2 | (show all) desertrefugee Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/06/07 Loc: Arizona Encoder Resolution       #5410082 - 09/08/12 01:09 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   So, I ended up with two sets of encoders to use on my CI-700 mount. One set is 4k tics and the other 10k. The 4k units fit perfectly in the machined aluminum housings I have. The 10k ones will require some finessing. Would that extra resolution be worth the effort? How much is pointing accuracy truly affected by encoder resolution? Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: desertrefugee]       #5410198 - 09/08/12 02:36 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Having 10K tic encoders.. I would say it's probably not worth it. 4K tics will give you (theoretically) (360*3600) / 4000 = 324 arc-second pointing (5.4 arc-minute) 10K tics will give you 130 arc-second (2.2 arc-minute). In my experience, your alignment procedure will not allow you to get 5 arc-minute pointing, let alone 2. Unless you are using an Argo Navis and set up a big pointing model (which can be quite a hassle). Post Extras:       desertrefugee Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/06/07 Loc: Arizona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5410267 - 09/08/12 03:13 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Thanks Orlando. Exactly the sort of rational basis for decision-making I was looking for. Hmmm. Putting some actual science into the process. What a concept! Thanks again. Decision made. Post Extras:       EFT Vendor - Deep Space Products Reged: 05/07/07 Loc: Phoenix, AZ Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: desertrefugee]       #5410515 - 09/08/12 05:58 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Orlando is right. Between the accuracy of your mount mechanically and the accuracy of alingments, 4000 or 4096 encoders is usually sufficient to do everything you need. 10000 tic just means more money, and in your case, more work for little or no benefit. Post Extras:       Luke Jones journeyman Reged: 03/27/09 Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: EFT]       #5432379 - 09/21/12 10:00 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Actually, I fitted a Renishaw read head (RGH24Y) to the RA axis of my IEQ45 ( over the built-in polar alignment scope), effectively giving 32 encoder ticks/sec (a 2.7 million tic encoder). An eBay encoder, an Arduino, some opto-isolator chips for ST4 guiding, and a friend's machined disk - sub $300 for *huge* benefit. The rig gets me -/+ 1 arcsec tracking on a $1600 mount, and the difference is amazing (at 1600mm+ focal length, where it matters). In my mount's case (thanks to 32 tick/sec PE reporting from a high res encoder), I've discovered a 5 arcsecond perioidic error harmonic on the mount's servo motor (unrelated to the worm) with a period of 6.2 seconds. This is unguidable with standard auto-guiding - but I can smack the mount's PE to +/- 1.2 arcsecond via ST4. Of course, it's only a the longer focal lengths that the issue becomes that critical. If you'e at short focal lengths, or have very smooth tracking on your mount, you might not see much benefit. Cheers. Post Extras:       Luke Jones journeyman Reged: 03/27/09 Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Luke Jones]       #5432381 - 09/21/12 10:01 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Apologies. You're talking about pointing accuracy, and I was talking about tracking accuracy. Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Luke Jones]       #5432391 - 09/21/12 10:07 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Luke, I also have one of those Renishaw read heads. I wanted to put the tape on my RA setting circle. But I don't know where to find the darn tape. Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Luke Jones]       #5432396 - 09/21/12 10:09 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   That's interesting Luke, could you ginve me some more details especially on that disk? Pm'd you! Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5432403 - 09/21/12 10:11 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Mert, as I mentioned I also got one of the Renishaw encoders. This one's a RGH22Z05 0.5 micron read head. The numbers matter (the Z in this case). The problem is getting the Renishaw tape. It's about $20 / inch if you can buy it. Some folks over on the autoguiding Yahoo group found that the Renishaw read heads, even though they are designed for linear measurement, are quite tolerant and can read the tape even if it's curved. Basically you get yourself a nice machined disk, mount it to your polar assembly, stick the Renishaw special tape to the edge of the disk, then position the read head so that it reads the tape as the disk rotates. This gives you a super-high resolution encoder. Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5432754 - 09/21/12 01:52 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   I see, that's a clever solution, what diameter disk did you use? Inside my mount ( EQ6 ) there isn't much room so I'll go for removing the polar scope probably. Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5432817 - 09/21/12 02:10 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Mert, I don't use the encoder disk. Because I can't find the tape. Only certain specialty CNC supply houses sell the tape (it is Renishaw RGS20S tape if I recall). Note that the Renishaw linear read heads already do interpolation - their output is already quadrature square wave. So the one I have "Z" model is 0.5 micron = 0.0005 mm resolution with the RGS20S tape. So 1mm of tape = 2000 counts, and 1 inch = 50000 counts. You want at least a few million counts for a TDM type application. A 6" diameter disk would have a circumference of ~ 478mm giving 957K tics. I "heard" this many tics is enough for the SiTech tick management mechanism. Still I think an 8" diameter disk would be better. Note the different Renishaw heads (all in the RG20 range but the letter - X, Y, Z - specify the resolution) all use the same RGS20S tape. The X/Y/Z just specifies the internal interpolation used to achieve the higher resolution. Heidenhain uses glass scales for their linear encoders - so you can't wrap it around a cylinder like the Renishaw tape. Post Extras:       Luke Jones journeyman Reged: 03/27/09 Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5433292 - 09/21/12 07:14 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Sure: Renishaw Encoder mounting image: Renishaw high resolution encoder mounted to RA axis Arduino used to read encoder, interact with laptop, and send ST4 guide commands: Arduino microcontroller interfaces image Edited by Luke Jones (09/21/12 07:22 PM) Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Luke Jones]       #5433839 - 09/22/12 03:36 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   hi Luke, Thanks! Mert and I now have something to chew on :-D Do you have the pinout of the Renishaw plug? Would it be too much to ask for the Arduino source code? :-D I expect since you take over the ST-4 port, regular autoguiding is no longer possible? or do you still allow pass-through like the TDM? Also which Arduino version do you use? I believe some of them use ceramic resonators and not true crystals so the timebase is less accurate.. I see you got the "Y" encoder (0.1 micron). I only have the "Z" encoder (0.5 micron) so my resolution would be much less. The big challenge is - where to buy the gold tape?!?!?!?! Post Extras:       Luke Jones journeyman Reged: 03/27/09 Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5433896 - 09/22/12 06:01 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   I'm playing with the Arduino source at the moment. My mount is an IEQ45 which has an extremely regular periodic error source from the servo motor (5 arcsec, period 6.2 secs), and the code is a bit of a mess whilst I try a hysteresis approach to get sub -/+ 2 arcsec tracking. The Renishaw plug pins that I use are: 1 = earth 5 = 5v 2 = A+ 6 = A- There are additional pins for error and differential quadrature, but I find no need to bother with them. I do use external guiding from the laptop, which I think is critical, but you only need slow corrections, and then don't need to get too concerned about issues such as "perfect" polar alignment. A good high resolution encoder gives me a tracking capability in RA much like you have in DEC. You still need to make the odd correction. I pass through DEC guiding corrections from the laptop directly through to the ST4, and use RA guide corrections from the laptop to adjust the "ticks per second" rate to match sidereal tracking exactly, accounting for mount periodic error. I got lucky and found 2 "Y" versions of the Renishaw on eBay, so I now have a spare. I suspect that the "Z" version wouldn't be too much of a problem. I get 32 ticks/sec with a 9cm diameter ring. You'd get 6 ticks a sec, but could increase that with a larger ring. With delays on ST4 responsiveness and waits for guide corrections to complete, there's a limit to the usefulness of high ticks/sec anyway. It would be interesting to see if the Arduino can do analog reads of the commonly available Renishaw "B" encoders, fast enough to do your own high resolution interpolation - but I suspect a faster processor would be needed (or dual core microprocessor with one core dedicated to encoder interpolation). Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Luke Jones]       #5433898 - 09/22/12 06:06 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Hi Luke, I haven't touched my Arduinos in a while, but the PIC32 boxes are a lot faster (80MHz) and not much more expensive than regular Arduinos. How fast can the analog inputs be read anyway? I would prefer using an ERN 180 or similar ($200 range used on ebay) analog 5000-ppr rotary encoder, no need for the magic tape. I think the tape is $20/inch so with a 15cm ring that's almost $400 just for the magic tape. Post Extras:       Luke Jones journeyman Reged: 03/27/09 Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Luke Jones]       #5433902 - 09/22/12 06:13 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   The Australian Renishaw dealer seemed quite willing to sell the tape. I must confess that my rig is "high maintenance", and nothing like a TDM "set and forget". My very cheap solution doesn't have the tape go right around the ring. That means that I manually twist the ring after slewing to a target. Also, as the distance tolerances between the read head and read tape are fairly exact, and the ring isn't perfectly concentric, I'd typically have to manually adjust the distance before an hour passes. Admittedly I could easily improve the concentric exactitude of the ring. Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution *DELETED* [Re: Luke Jones]       #5433917 - 09/22/12 06:51 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Post deleted by orlyandico Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5434500 - 09/22/12 01:45 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Mert, Luke, The reference input of the Arduino can be changed from 5V to 1.1V - http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogReference This should be good enough for the 1Vpp output of an analog encoder. Since the maximum sampling rate is 10K samples/second (and we need to read 2 inputs) this means at best 5000 reads/second. A 5000 ppr encoder turning at sidereal rate produces 1 cycle every 17 seconds. Within these 17 seconds is where we do our interpolation. To get 1024 sample interpolation we would need to read every 16.82 milliseconds. Seems doable with the Arduino... in any case I "won" a 5000 ppr Baumer analog encoder on ebay for a hundred bucks. Cheaper than buying Renishaw tape. When I get it I'll wire it up to the Arduino and will see.... Post Extras:       Luke Jones journeyman Reged: 03/27/09 Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5435069 - 09/22/12 08:42 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Nice work. I was concerned that you might need dual core to manage other housekeeping tasks, or risk losing raw encoder ticks - but at 17 seconds per raw cycle, this won't happen. Analog reads on the Arduino aren't as efficient as you'd hope. Out of the box a read takes around 111 msec, but with some special config you can *just* get it down to 16msec. Faster Arduino analog reads I'm happy with mine, but would be very interested to hear your results. I assume you still need to organise RA axis mounting for your Baumer? Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Luke Jones]       #5435321 - 09/23/12 12:20 AM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Hi Luke, Yes I need RA axis mounting. Thing is my mount already has an RA axis encoder (a 2500-ppr digital one - so only 10,000 tics, not enough for encoder-assisted PEC). So I can have a machine shop fabricate an encoder cup that screws into the polar scope shaft like the OEM one, and an encoder bracket that screws into the existing mounts for the housing. Thanks for the links on the Arduino. I will probably use a PIC32 anyway to get that 80MHz goodness... Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5436232 - 09/23/12 02:16 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   For really fast ADC, it would be best to use a Flash ADC chip. For example the MAX1114 can do 150Msps conversion rate. Then just use an interrupt to notice the data ready and read the data. I think I'll go this route ( still waiting for prices on encoders ) Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5436865 - 09/23/12 07:56 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Mert, I chickened out and got a Heidenhain IBV 660. Up to 400X interpolation. Input is 1Vpp sine/cosine, output is digital quadrature. Cost a hundred bucks. Although I believe they are $600+ new. And if it's broken, I'd be back where I started. Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5438527 - 09/24/12 05:44 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Sounds good, I hope for you that it works like it should! Did you get it on Ebay?? Please let us know how you do with it! Now that I read the product spec, what is that input frequency they state for the interpolation to work? 0.78KHz is the lowest frequency I see in the table. How many cycles does your encoder have?? Remember the RA axis only rotates at a rate of 15 arc-second per second! Edited by Mert (09/24/12 05:53 PM) Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5438709 - 09/24/12 08:12 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   no 0.78 kHz is the maximum speed when interpolating at that rate... (400X) it's not the minimum. anyway will see.. if the IBV 660 ends up being broken or a China fake (it came from an HK seller) I'll do the usual paypal complaint. And would then end up needing to use an Arduino to read the Baumer encoder... Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5439979 - 09/25/12 02:19 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   I see, that's interesting news! Which reference of the Baumer encoder do you have?? Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5440498 - 09/25/12 07:38 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   I downloaded the data sheet from their web site. Fairly standard, 1Vpp which is the more recent Heidenhain "standard". Some older H. Interpolation boxes like the EXE series use the older 11uApp standard, we don't want that... Basically it's not a matter of choosing the right encoder, but rather trawling ebay for the cheapest possible analog encoder and then working back from that.. Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution *DELETED* [Re: Mert]       #5440501 - 09/25/12 07:40 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Post deleted by orlyandico Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5441762 - 09/26/12 02:19 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   I just got a request out for a 5000 cycle sin/cos encoder, but it must be expensive I fear! The Heidenhahn was quit expensive compared to others, so right now I'm checking cheaper alternatives. The interpolation scheme will depend on the strategy to follow, we'll see. [edit]Typo, wasn't 10.000 but 5.000 cycles Edited by Mert (09/26/12 02:26 PM) Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5442272 - 09/26/12 07:45 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Mert, yes they are expensive, $800 range. EBay is your friend. :-). I saw a Heidenhain ERN180 for $160. But I got the Baumer for $100. New the cheapest is Gurley (used in the SiTech). Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5443497 - 09/27/12 01:08 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Just got a quote for a new Tamagawa 2048 sin/cos encoder which is very apealing to me, eventhough they ask 220€ plus shipment ( another 60€ !! ). I'm looking at some external hardware to hookup between the arduino and the encoder to speed things up. With a modest 864x interpolation I'll have 8.640.000 pulses ( quadratured ) which should be enough I believe. Some interesting Flash-ADC chip does the conversion in only 1.18usec! ( 8 bit only ), so using 2 of them for sin and cos. I'm still thinking which way apeals most to me to setup the whole thing. Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5443664 - 09/27/12 02:51 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   864X interpolation isn't modest! the key issue is that any form of interpolation will be inaccurate. So the lower the interpolation, the better. with a 2048-ppr and 8-bit interpolation (256X) you should get 524288 tics per rev, or 2.47" per tic, or 6 tics per second. I think that should be enough... I am planning to run my 5000-ppr encoder at 200X only = 1 million tics per rev, 1.296" per tic. Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5443746 - 09/27/12 03:54 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Are you using 1 channel or 2?? ( sin and cos output available ) Post Extras:       Mert Post Laureate Reged: 08/31/05 Loc: Spain, Pamplona Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5445406 - 09/28/12 03:24 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   Hi Orlyandico, Thinking it over again, with a 5000 cycle encoder: Sidereal day has aprox. 86164.091 seconds. That means 1 turn of the encoder in a sidereal day gives us 0.058028814 cycles per second. Doing 259x interpolation on 1 channel would give us aprox. 15.0294628 pulses or ticks, which equates quit nicely to the sidereal rate of the mounts. Accumulated error in 1min and 1 second would be aprox. 0.7716" which can be compensated for. 360º = 1296000 seconds 5000*259 = 1295000 pulses So we will miss 1000 pulses each 360º with this scheme. Looks like it isn't too hard to get there. Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: Mert]       #5445884 - 09/28/12 09:41 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   I think if we can do about 10 tics per second that is adequate. Since there are 1296000" per sidereal day and 86164 seconds, that is 15.04" per second. To get 10 tics per second (which means we can update the RA speed 5x / second - much better than any autoguider!) we would need a resolution of 1.5" per tic. Which translates to 861K tics. The 5000ppr analog encoder, with 4X digital quadrature and 50X analog interpolation, would be 1 million tics. That would be sufficient. So even a 2048ppr analog encoder would do. Post Extras:       brave_ulysses member Reged: 04/19/09 Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: orlyandico]       #5460804 - 10/08/12 03:10 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   here are some prices from the us renishaw distributor: A-9523-6051 RGS20-S scale 510mm long Price $ 197.00/ea 9531-0342 – epoxy - stock Price $ 5.00 A-9523-4015 – end clamps – stock Price $ 20.00 A-9531-0239 – scale applicator – stock Price $ 58.00 Post Extras:       orlyandico Carpal Tunnel Reged: 08/10/09 Loc: Singapore Re: Encoder Resolution [Re: brave_ulysses]       #5461169 - 10/08/12 07:47 PM Edit   Reply   Quote Quick Reply   given that there's a Heidenhain ERN 180 on ebay right now for $157 USD, and you can buy the encoder for 220 EUR new... I'm not so hyped up about tape that costs $200. Post Extras:       Pages: 1 | 2 | (show all) Previous   Index   Next   Threaded   Extra information 27 registered and 36 anonymous users are browsing this forum. 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