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brocknroller
Carpal Tunnel
   
Reged: 10/16/03
Posts: 1943
Loc: Vallée des nuages
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Quote:
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If there is any optical compromise to the field center in improving the edge more, or any expense in doing so, it seems like a bad idea to me. I can't see why anybody would strain their eyes to look at the edge of the field of a widefield handheld binocular, instead of pointing it at the object of interest.
Ron, you hit the nail on the head in my mind. As a novice lurking here for awhile, i have seen much to-do made about clarity out to the edge. Maybe im missing something, but who purposely views a target off center to the edge? When i try this, it causes image black out. Perhaps an indicator of quality optical design and manufacture, but to me in my little mind, not that important. Much more important to me to have good contrast, clarity and resolution (sometimes i confuse these) toward the center of field. When i started this thread a while back, i had no idea it would continue on this long. I am still in posession of the my friend's swar 10x50 SLCs as well as my own Fuji 10x50 FMTs. After comparing the two side by side in every possible scenario i can think of, i still contend the Swaros are superior. I say wow when looking through the Fujis, but i say Holy when i look through the Swaros (real scientific i know). The two largest differences i notice is that the Swaros focus down to finer detail and the color seems much more natural. The fujis cast a yellowish color on everything whereas the Swaros do not. I never noticed this with the Fujis until i looked through the Swaros. Not sure if this was comparing apples and oranges, but seemed to be comparing two top tier binoculars in their respective category (roof and porro). Rick
Rick
I'd say it's more like comparing yellow Delicious apples to green (unripe) oranges. :-)
"I say wow when looking through the Fujis, but i say Holy when i look through the Swaros (real scientific i know)"
This tells me much MORE than I would gather from reading how many arc seconds sharp to the edge it is. In fact, I posted a comment to that effect on Cloudy Days last month, but I think I left out the expletives. :-)
I don't know why anyone would strain his eyes to look at the edge of the field of a wide field hand held binocular either. Or how they could manage it without getting blackouts.
I experience black outs when I do this with most WF binoculars. This was particularly noticeable with the Nikon 10x35 E2. Though it had an unusually wide FOV for a 10x bin (7*), darned if I could see the edges! The second I moved my eyes toward the edge, the image would blackout.
During the day if I crept up on the edges slowly, I could find them. In fact, the bottom edge was beyond my peripheral vision when looking straight forward. Felt like I was spacewalking with those bins since I was not aware of the edges.
But to get Andy Rooney here for a minute, the thing that REALLY BUGS me, folks, about FUZZY EDGES is not that I can't see stars to the edge or make out details on birds (a shape is good enough for spotting birds), but because when I pan with the binoculars, I pick up the BLURRED IMAGES in my peripheral vision. And that stinks.
See Patric's comment on this re: the 6x32 Katmai on Cloudy Days.
While our central vision is better for resolving details, our peripheral is excellent for catching movement. So that's what I think is going on with my aversion for fuzzy edged binoculars and hence why I prefer binoculars with a gradual fall off at the edges. If it's too steep, even if the bin has a decent sweet spot, I'm going to be distracted by the blurred edges while panning.
-------------------- B'rock, son of Grilka
Member of the House of Kozak
Klingon Poet-Warrior
----------------------------------------------
"The character of a Klingon poet-warrior is measured not only by the metal of his blade--but also by the mettle of his words."
Edited by EdZ (09/09/08 09:47 AM)
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brocknroller
Carpal Tunnel
   
Reged: 10/16/03
Posts: 1943
Loc: Vallée des nuages
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...There may be a tendency to over-emphasize edge performance at the expense of other factors for astronomy use, and I would hold the Fujinons up as a possible example.
Nah. Do you think so, really? :-)
I've read so many posts on this forum that either start off or end up discussing edge sharpness (which for me, is misnomer since I consider "sharpness" to consist of resolution + contrast, but that's a day side thing).
I was going to drop a note in the suggestion box that the bin forum being renamed "Cloudy Edges" :-)
Quote:
I can't speak from experience, not having tried Fujinons myself, but it doesn't surprise me to learn that you prefer the Swaro 10x50s. They aren't quite as sharp at the edge, but probably offer superior performance in most other categories. I assume you are basing your comparisons on astronomy use, not daytime use. I mean, the Fujinons are intended for astronomy, primarily, so stating that you prefer the Swaro 10x50s for day time use doesn't really tell the whole story. If you are stating you prefer them for astronomy, that is a different claim, really.
Yes. The summarily dismissed point that I made earlier. Birders evaluate bins from a different perspective than astronomers. Even if you measure most of the same qualities, how you EVALUATE those qualities in terms of the intended purpose of your bins is different.
(don't mean to get all Kenny on you with the CAPS, but it's very late, it's been a long day, and I'm too tired to cut and paste codes from the bottom. this is one of the things i like about BF, you can set the formating right in the text).
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If you have the opportunity to compare the Swaros side by side with a Leica binocular, observing the night sky, you will probably get a better idea regarding concern for off-axis sharpness. Leicas do not perform well in this category. Their off axis-sharpness is no better than relatively inexpensive binoculars, a few of which actually outperform them in this area.
Fiske, I assume you are referring to the Ultravids? Have you tried a Leica 10x50 Trinovid BA? I'll try to look up the reviews, but I've read that it's very low in distortions even at the edges, including pincushion, which I've read many users, including Ingraham, say is excessive in the lower power models.
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Another performance characteristic, which is typically of less concern to astronomers than birders, etc. is CA, which manifiests itself as purple or yellow fringing near the edge of high contrast objects. I was surprised to find that avid daytime binocular users, who have used binoculars for years, frequently don't notice the problem. I once spent about 20 minutes with an expert birder teaching him how to see the problem. He was so stunned when he started noticing it that he actually called up another birding friend to describe it. After a few weeks he stopped mentioning it, I think because he had gone back to not seeing the problem. I didn't bring it up again because he is obviously happy with binoculars that exhibit the characteristic (though, admittedly to a small extent) and one way or another has trained himself to ignore it.
As Steve Ingraham once said on BVD, and I paraphrase very liberally, NEVER look for CA unless you are prepared to keep seeing it for the rest of your life!
I'm surprised this birder went back to ignoring it. Once you see it, it often becomes hard to ignore.
When I used to be obsessive about testing binoculars, I'd see the CA, and sell the bin. After awhile, I would buy only ED binoculars even though they had other issues that bugged me. But at least they didn't have as much CA!
Took me awhile to realize that I only see CA in extreme contrast situations, and particularly in the winter.
So I decided NOT to look for it anymore. In the winter, I can't ignore it with my LX, because I can see it on-axis, but with my porros, I stopped noticing it.
And after writing this, I HOPE I will NOT be tempted to go look for it again! Fortunately, tomorrow it's going to rain. :-)
-------------------- B'rock, son of Grilka
Member of the House of Kozak
Klingon Poet-Warrior
----------------------------------------------
"The character of a Klingon poet-warrior is measured not only by the metal of his blade--but also by the mettle of his words."
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Wes James
Post Laureate
   
Reged: 04/12/06
Posts: 3449
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Brock-
I like what you quoted-
Quote:
"Mathematics is a crutch we use when
intuitiveness and visualization fail us."
You see- I was just thinking, as I was reading your post, that sometimes the sum of how we feel about a particular binocular can't be summed up in either numbers- or individual characteristics... sometimes it's a sum of things that just makes you say "Man, I really like these"- or conversely, the ones you find you just don't pick up very often- and don't know why. I recently had a pair of Minox HG's, 10x43's, IIRC... I liked the build quality, loved the case , but just wasn't that knocked out by the views. I got them cheap, the opportunity arose to sell, so I did. I can't tell you why I didn't like them. Sometimes even the numbers don't always tell the tale. So then, when I got to the bottom of your post and saw the quote, it was like you knew what I was thinking as I was reading!
Wes
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Fiske
Carpal Tunnel
Reged: 03/14/04
Posts: 2132
Loc: Missouri / United States
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Quote:
I can't ignore it with my LX, because I can see it on-axis, but with my porros, I stopped noticing it.
Brock:
You're no neophyte, so slap me if this is TOO obvious. One thing I have found with the LX and SEs is that inter-pupilary distance and eye position makes a big differenece in minimizing CA issues. Properly held and adjusted, it is minimal even off axis. I'm a bit surprised to hear you are troubled by it on-axis, but I presume you mean in high contrast situations like snow.
My LXs are 8x42s, the older model. I'm not sure how they compare with the newer and higher power LXs on this characteristic. If only I owned MORE binos...
I have pondered whether using wider AFOV eyepieces and placing a premium on resolution also makes CA more difficult to control. I realize CA reduces resolution, a frequent topic of conversation amongst APO refractor enthusiasts, but binos are far more complex instruments than APO refractors, and it seems to me that binos which are said to exhibit less CA (Leica and Zeiss?) are also said to have lower resolution (sharpness?) off-axis than Swaro and Nikons, which exhibit more CA. Is CA more of a problem with your Nikons than with the Swaros?
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Fiske Miles
Nikon 8x42 LX / 12x50 SE Binos
Mini Borg 60ED, TV-101, AT80Ach, XT-8, C11/CI-700, 22-Inch Dob
Way too many Nagler eyepieces
http://www.fiskemiles.blogspot.com/
www.fiskemiles.com
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ronharper
Pooh-Bah
   
Reged: 02/14/06
Posts: 1274
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Could it be that the edge effect that bothers Brock when panning is not blur, but the "globe effect" (edge and center of field appearing to lie at different distances from the observer)? I have some cheapies in which the edge is not so unsharp really, but the globe effect is not corrected, and the effect in panning is quite woozy. In their product literature, Leica does a song and dance about vanquishing the evil globe effect, at the cost of sharpness at the edge. But, it works. Panning the Leica is completely relaxed, with no disturbing or distracting effects.
Yes friends, buy Leica! Seriously, there is just so very much to this business of understanding what the heck you are looking at, it is really interesting and fun, isn't it? And expensive, yeah.
Of course the new Swaro will get everything perfect all at once, and happiness will be as simple as scraping up the necessary cash for it, and forgetting everything else. Then, all our troubles will be over, and all our arguments and fun too. Enjoy these last days of flawed binoculars while you can.
Ron
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Fiske
Carpal Tunnel
Reged: 03/14/04
Posts: 2132
Loc: Missouri / United States
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Quote:
Of course the new Swaro will get everything perfect all at once, and happiness will be as simple as scraping up the necessary cash for it, and forgetting everything else. Then, all our troubles will be over, and all our arguments and fun too. Enjoy these last days of flawed binoculars while you can.
So cynical, and so young...
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Fiske Miles
Nikon 8x42 LX / 12x50 SE Binos
Mini Borg 60ED, TV-101, AT80Ach, XT-8, C11/CI-700, 22-Inch Dob
Way too many Nagler eyepieces
http://www.fiskemiles.blogspot.com/
www.fiskemiles.com
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brocknroller
Carpal Tunnel
   
Reged: 10/16/03
Posts: 1943
Loc: Vallée des nuages
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Wes,
Ah, yes, the old reductionism vs. holism debate that I'm famous or perhaps infamous for debating. :-)
But first, I want to clarify an earlier point you made about Fiske and I challenging Edz. I do not possess the technical skills in optics to challenge the z-man's methodology.
However, you can read a debate about testing methodology authored by Edz, Henry Link, and other experts on this Birdforum thread (I've read it three times, and I'm still trying to digest it with the help of Pancreatin -- it's a very "meaty" discussion :-) - also note that the beginning of this discussion started on another thread, which I posted to):
Evaluating Binoculars at High Magnification
To reiterate an earlier point, it's not the methodology so much (I qualify that with "so much," because astronomers don't always look at the same optical qualities as birders, though many overlap, and even when they do measure the same quality, they might give it a different "weight" depending on how important it is for their purpose).
For example, how much does an amateur astronomer care about his bin's close focus ability or how much does a birder care about the edge performance of a wide field bin as long as it has an ample sweet spot?
It's what the birder or the amateur astronomer takes away from a technical report or review that matters most to them.
As an analogy, consider a woman's foot. Three men can examine it from top to bottom and side to side, even take x-rays and photos, and come away with three different impressions.
The doctor is going to examine her foot from an anatomical and physiological perspective. Hammer toes? Fractures? Are her nails too long and cutting into her adjacent toes? Foot fungus? Is the circulation normal? How about enervation? Can you feel THIS? Ouch! Sorry.
The shoe salesman is going to take that same foot and ask himself what kind of shoe does this woman want? And how can I make her feet look the most flattering so she'll come back again and I can make my commission even if I have to squeeze her into a shoe a size too small? Or if he's a more honest salesman, he will try to make sure the shoe fits well, gives her arch support, heel cushioning, and enough toe room. How does this stiletto shoe feel on you? Ouch! Sorry.
.....So you have the same foot, seen by three different people, from three different perspectives.
Admittedly, it's a bit of a stretch to compare evaluating feet to evaluating binoculars, but it does illustrate my point since we can use intuition, or visualization, or scientific measurements or some combination of them to examine the same object and come away with different impressions based on the intended purpose of that object for the examiner.
This analogy was inspired by a woman I saw walking around a supermarket in stilettos (it's a big store, hurts my feet just to walk around it in sneakers), and the fact that I had a broken foot last year and went through a battery of medical tests, and then the doctor recommended that I buy better shoes, so I went to the store in search of a shoe with all the qualities he prescribed whereas I would usually look at what's on sale!
The interesting thing about that quote from Susskind is that he's a cosmologist. It's hard to think more abstractly than a cosmologist. Try to visualize or intuit a ten dimensional universe!
There have been different attempts at this by physicists, but my favorite is the original Flatland book since it operates on different levels (dimensions and social strata):
Flatland
Although, like you, I go by my gut instinct when evaluating what I like in binoculars, it might be possible for someone with a reductionist perspective to come along and put some hard numbers to those qualities that I like about it, but unless the bin has a "fatal flaw", ultimately it will be the sum of those qualities taken together and how useful they are for my purpose that will determine my thumbs up or thumbs down.
-------------------- B'rock, son of Grilka
Member of the House of Kozak
Klingon Poet-Warrior
----------------------------------------------
"The character of a Klingon poet-warrior is measured not only by the metal of his blade--but also by the mettle of his words."
Edited by EdZ (09/09/08 01:33 PM)
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Wes James
Post Laureate
   
Reged: 04/12/06
Posts: 3449
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Uh,.... Yeah! That's what I said! Wes
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Fiske
Carpal Tunnel
Reged: 03/14/04
Posts: 2132
Loc: Missouri / United States
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Several comments have been made to the effect that I have challenged EdZ's conclusions regarding binocular performance, but I don't believe I have actually done so. I can't think of anyone whose opinion I rate higher on these matters than his. In general, I think my opinions regarding various binoculars are inline with his test results.
It may be that our observing preferences differ, and that we therefore prefer different binoculars for one reason or another, but that doesn't mean I disagree with his performance evaluations. I don't think Ed has ever argued that Fujinon ergonomics, for example, match those of other premium binoculars (like Nikon LX binos). OTOH, I have never disputed his finding that Fujinon edge performance is superior to that of the Nikon 12x50SE. I have absolute confidence in that assessment. I simply prefer the Nikons because my subjective judgement is that their ergonomic advantage outweighs the edge performance advantage of the Fujis.
It's not like either one of us is right or wrong for prefering one binocular to the other. In both cases are preferences are based on valid information. In fact, the same information.
--------------------
Fiske Miles
Nikon 8x42 LX / 12x50 SE Binos
Mini Borg 60ED, TV-101, AT80Ach, XT-8, C11/CI-700, 22-Inch Dob
Way too many Nagler eyepieces
http://www.fiskemiles.blogspot.com/
www.fiskemiles.com
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Wes James
Post Laureate
   
Reged: 04/12/06
Posts: 3449
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It's been said before.. We can all have different opinions... that doesn't necessairly make any of them wrong. I don't think the word "challenged" was used with any negative connotation- simply different means of arriving at our own personal conclusions. The nice thing is- everyone's comments- be they factual, personal, objective- emotional- are all inputs to a common goal- that of understanding what a given binocular is really like, and where it fits into our collections. Same as trying to describe through various means what different fruits are like- you can describe them chemically, visually, what they smell like, what they feel like, but the ultimate test is what does it taste like, and what it tastes like to you- or to me, won't necessairly be the same- neither will either of our opinions be right- or wrong. Simply from our own point of view. And if 3 people say "Wow, this binocular is spectacular", or "One of the best I've ever viewed through", I'm a lot more likely to want to give one a whirl moreso than if those same 3 people says that this binocular has a lot of drawbacks, and one would much better be served by choosing something else. Since (in an optically challenged town) buying is my only way to try for myself, I consider all these opinions and inputs very valuable. Otherwise it would be an even a more expensive hobby than it already is! Wes
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brocknroller
Carpal Tunnel
   
Reged: 10/16/03
Posts: 1943
Loc: Vallée des nuages
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Quote:
Quote:
I can't ignore it with my LX, because I can see it on-axis, but with my porros, I stopped noticing it.
Brock:
You're no neophyte, so slap me if this is TOO obvious. One thing I have found with the LX and SEs is that inter-pupilary distance and eye position makes a big differenece in minimizing CA issues. Properly held and adjusted, it is minimal even off axis. I'm a bit surprised to hear you are troubled by it on-axis, but I presume you mean in high contrast situations like snow.
My LXs are 8x42s, the older model. I'm not sure how they compare with the newer and higher power LXs on this characteristic. If only I owned MORE binos...
I have pondered whether using wider AFOV eyepieces and placing a premium on resolution also makes CA more difficult to control. I realize CA reduces resolution, a frequent topic of conversation amongst APO refractor enthusiasts, but binos are far more complex instruments than APO refractors, and it seems to me that binos which are said to exhibit less CA (Leica and Zeiss?) are also said to have lower resolution (sharpness?) off-axis than Swaro and Nikons, which exhibit more CA. Is CA more of a problem with your Nikons than with the Swaros?
Fiske,
Well, I can't answer your last question since the only Swaro I've tried is mooreorless's 7x30 SL and that's 30 years old (and darn good I might add for a non-p coated roof). Hate the pinky focuser but like the ergonomics much better than my LX.
I didn't test it for CA against my porros, because as I mentioned ealier, I've STOPPED testing for CA, because if I do see it, I'm likely to keep looking for it (my OCD kicks in :-).
As far as the trade-offs, I would refer you back to the edge performance link I posted to Ingrham's z-birding Website where he says that Zeiss bins are designed for the widest FOV and the best sharpness at the center of the field.
How those design criteria affect CA, I couldn't say, but it would be a very good question to ask Stephen on z-birding! It could be part of the reason why Zeiss added FL glass.
Ugh, darn jumping cursor on my laptop ate my post. I will have to start all over again!!!
This time I will write in Word and then paste. This tiny message window drives me nuts anyway. Have to scroll down to see what I just wrote. Talk about a narrow AFOV!
Okay. Yes, you surmised correctly, I notice the CA most when I’m looking at birds against a snowy background. The most typical situation is when birds are eating sunflower seeds that have fallen from my tube feeder (some get knocked down there, and some are dropped by titmice, which seem to be fussy eaters, they take one seed out, don’t like it, and drop it on the ground, and then take another, and if they like it, fly away to a nearby branch to eat it).
In this situation, I set the IPD closer to see a circle so the IPD setting may also have something to do with the amount of CA.
However, even when watching birds at a distance in the winter, a hawk against a gray, wintery sky, or a crow perched on a branch with the sky in the background, I see more CA with the LX than I do with any of my porros.
So many reviewers, including “experts,” have commented on the CA in the LX series that I have to conclude there something more going on than all of them not setting their IPD properly.
When I first started birding, I noticed that 8 out 10 complaints about CA were made by owners of roof prism bins, so I concluded ipso facto that roof bins had inherently more CA than porros.
But as I become more experienced and knowledgeable about optics, I realized that 8 out of 10 birders use roofs rather than porros and that most of them have mid-priced roofs, which generally are not as well corrected for CA as porros or top tier roofs.
And mid-priced roofs generally have a narrower FOV than same configuration birding porros and alpha roofs. So users were more likely to notice the CA at the edges since the edges are closer to their central vision than in an 8-8.8* FOV bin.
To be thorough, you also have to consider that not all bins by the same manufacturer even at the top level were created equally.
For example, I’ve seen more complaints about CA from Ultravid owners (original, not HD version) than I have from Trinovid owners.
But to be even more thorough, you have to consider that not everyone is as sensitive to CA as others are.
For example, here’s a birder who sees no difference between the CA in the original Ultravid vs. the HD model:
http://www.birdforum.net/showthread.php?t=103993
Notice he’s comparing two 10x32s, and if there’s any configuration you are likely to see CA, it’s this one.
Also note that earlier he saw low CA in his 10x32 Ultravid but on the day he tested the old version vs. the new version, he saw none "no matter where he looked" despite it being a December day.
He was having a good CA day. :-)
Here's a battle of the HD/XD/FLs. Some interesting posts on that thread about over design criteria vs. adding ED elements:
CA Leica Ultravid HD
So even users' perceptions of a high quality bins can change from day to day, and from one weather/lighting condition to another, and from one alpha bin to another.
So when I look at a bench test review and compare that to a review by someone who has owned the binoculars for two years and used them day in day out in the field, it’s not surprising that even when talking about the same qualities, they might get different results, and no surprise at all, that they might "weight" those results differently than an astronomer would who mounts his bins on a tripod and the only seagulls he sees are off-axis. :-)
To me, there is no test so revealing for birding binoculars as those performed in the field over a period of months under different lighting and weather conditions, at different times, and at best, with different users.
Another analogy. Ever read Car & Driver reports? They have two kinds. One is the equivalent to the “bench test” for optics. They take a car out on a racing track and put it through its paces. Then come back with “data” such as how well it does in the slalom, how fast it goes from 0-60 mph, how much torque the engine has, how much horsepower, how far the breaking distance is at 55 mph, etc.
I don’t drive on a test track, but I can take some of that data and extrapolate it to my normal driving conditions. But better yet is the long-term tests they do when they lease a car for six months, do an initial track test, and then after six months, give you a summary of how it held up in actual driving conditions. Sometimes, their initial impression of the car as tested on the track changes when they actually ride the car “in the field”.
Not that the data changes much, but their evaluation of what matters most to a commuter POV vs. a R/T POV.
I keep hammering the same point over and over, looking at it from different perspectives, and using different analogies, and I realize that some people will never get the gist of what I’m saying or they will get it and deny that it has any validity
To that I say, poppycock! No, just kidding, I say "to each his own”.
-------------------- B'rock, son of Grilka
Member of the House of Kozak
Klingon Poet-Warrior
----------------------------------------------
"The character of a Klingon poet-warrior is measured not only by the metal of his blade--but also by the mettle of his words."
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brocknroller
Carpal Tunnel
   
Reged: 10/16/03
Posts: 1943
Loc: Vallée des nuages
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Quote:
Could it be that the edge effect that bothers Brock when panning is not blur, but the "globe effect" (edge and center of field appearing to lie at different distances from the observer)? I have some cheapies in which the edge is not so unsharp really, but the globe effect is not corrected, and the effect in panning is quite woozy. In their product literature, Leica does a song and dance about vanquishing the evil globe effect, at the cost of sharpness at the edge. But, it works. Panning the Leica is completely relaxed, with no disturbing or distracting effects.
Yes friends, buy Leica! Seriously, there is just so very much to this business of understanding what the heck you are looking at, it is really interesting and fun, isn't it? And expensive, yeah.
Of course the new Swaro will get everything perfect all at once, and happiness will be as simple as scraping up the necessary cash for it, and forgetting everything else. Then, all our troubles will be over, and all our arguments and fun too. Enjoy these last days of flawed binoculars while you can.
Ron
Ron,
I did mean "fuzzy edges," though the "globe effect," overcompensated pincushion, and bad astigmatism can all be distracting for me when panning.
Here is where reviews, no matter how meticulous or scientific, can sometimes fail me.
Not one of the many reviews I read about the full sized LX mentioned the "globe effect". Yet, when I first tried one (the 8x42), it hit me like Ignatz getting hit on the head by a brick from Krazy Kat. :-)
And unlike others who stopped seeing it after a few days, it never went away after a month or more.
Am I crazy for seeing the globe effect (actually barrel distortion in this case) while others don't see it, don't mention it in their reviews?
No, I'm a Krazy Kat for other reasons, but it's a perceptual difference that others see too, some adjust, some don't.
So it's not a matter of bench test VS. field tests but BOTH taken together that give me the best "picture" of a bin that, because I live in the Boonies far from optic stores and because of having "to work harder for less" these days, I cannot test myself.
I have never tried a Leica - one of the few older brands I have not looked through - but I hope to check them out on my trip to the Amish Shoe Store sometime before the end of this decade. And you can be sure, I will be panning! :-)
In the meantime, I am enjoying my "flawed" porros very much!
-------------------- B'rock, son of Grilka
Member of the House of Kozak
Klingon Poet-Warrior
----------------------------------------------
"The character of a Klingon poet-warrior is measured not only by the metal of his blade--but also by the mettle of his words."
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