Return to the Cloudy Nights Telescope Reviews home pageAstronomics discounts for Cloudy Nights members
· Get a Cloudy Nights T-Shirt · Submit a Review / Article

Click here if you are having trouble logging into the forums

Privacy Policy | Please read our Terms of Service | Signup and Troubleshooting FAQ | Problems? PM a Red or a Green Gu… uh, User

Equipment Discussions >> Cats & Casses

Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | (show all)
Mark Costello
Carpal Tunnel
*****

Reged: 03/08/05

Loc: Matthews, NC, USA
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: rmollise]
      #5135884 - 03/22/12 05:22 PM

Quote:

"No one" = one heck of a lot of people.

This is no more true than:

"If we ran out of wood for sliderules no one would know how to figure out logarithms or cube roots..."






I didn't start this rabbit trail but I just can't resist going down it.

First, I'll guarantee that the set of people who know how to calculate cube roots or logarithms on paper is not empty.

BUT, I don't have a whole lot of confidence that this set contains "one heck of a lot of people," at least not in the sense that it includes a majority of amateur astronomers. That's not a slam on anyone's intelligence or skills. My experience was that taking cube roots was taught for a week or so in the 7th grade and that was it. Taking logarithms without any computer aid (including slide rules) requires knowledge of Taylor's Series (or McClurin's Series which is a Taylor's series with the reference constant set to 0) and how to compute them. Also, McClurin's Series for ln(1+x) converges slowly, making the calculation of logarithms quite a job....

We now return you to your regularly scheduled programming....

Edited by Mark Costello (03/22/12 05:29 PM)


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
amicus sidera
Carpal Tunnel
*****

Reged: 10/14/11

Loc: East of the Sun, West of the M...
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: rmollise]
      #5136090 - 03/22/12 07:31 PM

Quote:


No think to it, Jon. I go to far more star parties than the average person, since I am asked to speak at quite a few (who knows why?)




Mysterious indeed - perhaps the attendees use of go-to has something to do with it.


Quote:


I don't care if someone starhops. It's only when they tell me I have to, or look down on those who do not ("Please ask someone else to locate a pair of guide stars for them.") that my foolishness meter pegs.





That is hardly "looking down" on someone, it is simply refusing to accommodate ignorance and lack of effort.

As far as "foolishness meters" are concerned, mine has reached maximum deflection , but pray continue.


Quote:


As I have OFTEN said, "The most wonderful rule about practicing amateur astronomy? There are no rules."





Quite so - but only if one wishes to pursue astronomy in a desultory, aimless fashion.

One last item:


Quote:


Maybe they would be MORE than happy to be out of earshot from you.







Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
rmollise
Postmaster
*****

Reged: 07/06/07

Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: amicus sidera]
      #5136109 - 03/22/12 07:41 PM

Quote:

Maybe they would be MORE than happy to be out of earshot from you.








Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
amicus sidera
Carpal Tunnel
*****

Reged: 10/14/11

Loc: East of the Sun, West of the M...
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: rmollise]
      #5136112 - 03/22/12 07:43 PM

Hey, we can disagree and still have fun... no hard feelings here!

Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
jrcrillyAdministrator
Refractor wienie no more
*****

Reged: 04/30/03

Loc: NE Ohio
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: amicus sidera]
      #5136126 - 03/22/12 07:49 PM

Quote:

Quote:


As I have OFTEN said, "The most wonderful rule about practicing amateur astronomy? There are no rules."





Quite so - but only if one wishes to pursue astronomy in a desultory, aimless fashion.




Wow.

I wonder if I sounded like that decades ago when the old "c.w. versus phone" controversy threatened to split the amateur radio community. Some of us were so arrogant that we felt qualified and entitled to judge the seriousness and dedication of other hobbyists by whether their particular interests and skill sets happened to align with our own. I suppose I did sound like that. If so, I regret it and I'm not proud of it. If there's anyone here who knew me then, please accept my apology.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
amicus sidera
Carpal Tunnel
*****

Reged: 10/14/11

Loc: East of the Sun, West of the M...
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: jrcrilly]
      #5136152 - 03/22/12 08:07 PM

Quote:

Quote:

Quote:


As I have OFTEN said, "The most wonderful rule about practicing amateur astronomy? There are no rules."





Quite so - but only if one wishes to pursue astronomy in a desultory, aimless fashion.




Wow.

I wonder if I sounded like that decades ago when the old "c.w. versus phone" controversy threatened to split the amateur radio community. Some of us were so arrogant that we felt qualified and entitled to judge the seriousness and dedication of other hobbyists by whether their particular interests and skill sets happened to align with our own.





That would seem a bit arrogant... thankfully, I am not engaging in any such behaviour. What I am attempting to communicate is that one gets out of amateur astronomy what one puts into it, and not in a dollar sense, mind you...


Quote:

I suppose I did sound like that. If so, I regret it and I'm not proud of it. If there's anyone here who knew me then, please accept my apology.




It takes a big man to say he's sorry - you have my respect.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
rmollise
Postmaster
*****

Reged: 07/06/07

Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: amicus sidera]
      #5136248 - 03/22/12 08:57 PM

Quote:

Hey, we can disagree and still have fun... no hard feelings here!




Right on.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Rick Woods
Postmaster
*****

Reged: 01/27/05

Loc: Inner Solar System
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Classic8]
      #5136605 - 03/23/12 02:45 AM

Quote:

Quote:

I wonder where the idea got started that you can't star-hop with a goto scope? I do it frequently; my scope has a finder, and what else is different except you're letting the motor move the scope instead of your hands?

I also just drift along the Milky Way sometimes. But one thing is different: if I come upon some unexpected gem, a colored double or something, I can identify it quickly by the coordinates displayed on my hand controller!

Yup, there's no downside to goto scopes in my book!




If you have a problem with the electronics, that's where the problem is. Or if the scope has a crummy finder since you "only need it to align the scope". And they don't have slow-motion controls - for a lot of scopes that makes it very frustrating or impossible to find things.




Well, sure. But I was only talking about the myth that somehow star-hopping can't be done with a goto telescope. Any scope can have a bad finder. Solution: get a better one. And no hand slo-mo controls are needed - you have the motors!
(However, Meade SCTs do have slo-mo controls.)


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
AhBok
sage


Reged: 12/02/10

Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Rick Woods]
      #5136846 - 03/23/12 09:32 AM

I don't get all this talk about us not doing real science. Ok, I've been doing this over 50 years and though I have never made a discovery or significant contribution to the hobby, I am satified knowing that if I could go back in time 600 years with my Chinese dob, I would be a scientific giant. . . and probably under house arrest.

Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Jon Isaacs
Postmaster
*****

Reged: 06/16/04

Loc: San Diego and Boulevard, CA
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Rick Woods]
      #5136861 - 03/23/12 09:46 AM

Quote:

I wonder where the idea got started that you can't star-hop with a goto scope? I do it frequently; my scope has a finder, and what else is different except you're letting the motor move the scope instead of your hands?

I also just drift along the Milky Way sometimes. But one thing is different: if I come upon some unexpected gem, a colored double or something, I can identify it quickly by the coordinates displayed on my hand controller!

Yup, there's no downside to goto scopes in my book!




I guess you can starhop with a GOTO scope but when I have tried it, I have found it much more difficult and much slower than just doing it manually. It is lacking the simplicity and freedom, for example, very few GOTO scopes can be used effectively without power.

So I would say that while you can starhop with a GOTO to scope, if your goal is to star hop, simpler scopes are more effective. And too, part of the joy of starhopping is the lack of baggage.

As far as identifying an object by pushing the button, personally part of the joy of discovering a new object is going through the process of figuring out what it was I just saw, inverse starhopping, the other side of the coil.

But whatever works for you...

Jon

Edited by Jon Isaacs (03/23/12 09:52 AM)


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Mark Costello
Carpal Tunnel
*****

Reged: 03/08/05

Loc: Matthews, NC, USA
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Jon Isaacs]
      #5136871 - 03/23/12 09:51 AM

"In general "Cats and Casses" are poorly suited for starhopping because their long focal lengths and slow focal ratios make for narrow fields of view that typically are quite dim. The maximum well illuminated TFoVs associated with a C-8 are narrower than those of a 16 inch F/4.4 Newtonian...

Starhoppers typically choose fast scopes because they provide bright widefield views, an advantage both in locating a target but also well suited for just scanning the sky and looking around. The refractor forum and the reflector forum is where starhoppers are more likely to hang out. Starhopping ain't that big a deal with fast 4 inch refractor with a 4+ degree TFoV.

One of my favorite things to do is to just put in a ~30mm 2 inch widefield eyepiece in a fast Newtonian and just work my way in broad strokes through the summer Milky Way, the myriad of small objects, the valleys and mountains of nebulosity, it is just pure visual pleasure. It's like wandering around with a pair of binoculars, but those big bright views that are detailed on a fine scale.

So, if Starhopping is only a means to an end and not part of the joy of the observing, forget it, if it's not fun, it's not worth doing.

On the other hand, there are many who enjoy it."



VERY well said, Sir.

My telescope is fast to the point that I put it to work as its own finder. After over two years after it arrived at my house, its 50mm finder is still in its bubblewrap. Also, there are times when starhopping brings its own enjoyment. There was the time last year when I was looking for M53 and stumbled into M64 and got my first long whiff of it. Then of course, in late summer, there's the pleasure of cruising around in Cygnus and more recently Sagittarius and just finding things....

On the other hand, one of these days I might get a SCT or MCT to complement my refractor. I wouldn't even think of having a SCT or MCT rig that did not have goto. Well, perhaps if my 5" achro was riding shotgun, but otherwise, that rig is going to have goto. The only down side I see to goto is that it may take somewhat longer to set up. But that would be OK for me since the SCT/MCT rig would be reserved for the really long weekend sessions (Saturday Night Special)...

Take care,

Edited by Mark Costello (03/23/12 09:54 AM)


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Vondragonnoggin
Post Laureate
*****

Reged: 02/21/10

Loc: Southern CA, USA
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Mark Costello]
      #5136889 - 03/23/12 10:01 AM

I star hop with my MCT. I use a 42mm GSO for getting my widest field. More difficult than my refractor, but not impossible.

It has made me think about the purchase of a goto mount for next year though. Next will be a 9x50 RACI to help out. The straight through is a pain in my neck.

I want to start sketching more too, so I look forward to tracking to do sketching.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
BigC
Carpal Tunnel
*****

Reged: 09/29/10

Loc: SE Indiana
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: amicus sidera]
      #5136893 - 03/23/12 10:07 AM

There were no doubt men who decried the replacement of the horse with horseless carriage,the tiller with the steering wheel,the engine crank with the starter,the advent of power steering,automatic transmission,campfire with microwave oven(heck,real men eat their food raw!),anesthetic during surgery,quills with fountain,then ball-point pens, and just about every other new tool.

The inventors and manufacturers have made it possible for the great majority of the world's people to enjoy better food,clothing,housing,travel,and leisure.Most of the misery and suffering in the world is due to some group wanting to steal the land,products, or freedom of aanother group;THAT hasn't changed in ages,though the tools may have.

Too many gripe because they find themselves no longer part of an admired,elite group.

Also the age of "craftsmanship" was also the age of scarcity when only the wealthy could afford the items we take for granted today.

When a knowledge of radio propagation,electricty,and demonstrated Morse Code proficiency were need to talk to people in foreign countries the "ham operator" was special;now any 10 year old can do it with a cellphone.
Those who have an intimate knowledge of the positions of the stars may feel threatened by the fact anyone can buy practically equivalent expertise for a few hundred dollars.
And I suppose there are drivers who sneer at "shiftless" ones.

How many telescopes were relegated to closets because the owner had no one to show him or her the sky's landmarks? Keep in mind not everyone likes books,knew where to find astronomy books, or learns well from books.If only books were required there would be no need for teachers or professors.

So I see GOTO scopes as a wonderful option and aid.

Refusal to use available tools to make the task easy and more productive is no way to advance in any field.


BY the way,I have and enjoy using ,weather permitting, telescopes from simple manual 40mm alt/az to computerized ones of 250mm, choosing which one as the mood strikes.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Patrick
Postmaster
*****

Reged: 05/16/03

Loc: Franklin, Ohio
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Jon Isaacs]
      #5137059 - 03/23/12 12:28 PM

Geesh...gone for a few days and this thread has exploded. Hard to keep up.

Quote:




Quote:

If they insist on owning a whirring monstrosity of a go-to telescope, which robs them of a truly intimate knowledge of the heavens, they are welcome to it...

Quote:

I don't understand how this statement can really be true. We can get a truly intimate knowledge of the heavens in a lot of different ways, not just by starhopping. Anyway, starhopping may be one of the most tedious and difficult ways to learn what's up there. I've spent my fair share of time starhopping to faint blobs, and I can tell you I didn't learn that much in the process because a good portion of the time I've come up empty handed and unable to find the object. What do we learn during that process? Uh...the object may be there, but then again it might not be? Or, maybe it's too faint to see in my telescope and sky conditions? Or maybe I just didn't look in the right place after 30 minutes of searching. Hmmm....can you say 'frustration'?

No, gimme a good old fashioned goto telescope. Ahh, that's better. Now I can find the object I'm looking for without loosing any more hair.

Patrick









Patrick:

- I do not recommend Starhopping to anyone who doesn't enjoy Starhopping. This thing we do is a hobby and it is supposed to be fun.

I think for someone who does not truly enjoy starhopping, it is difficult to understand that some of us just really enjoy it. It's a different paradigm, a different mind set. If your goal is to look at specific objects from a list, GOTO is probably faster, at least in the beginning, and can allow you to spend more time looking at specific objects on that list.

For me, I just truly enjoy starhopping... I like the simplicity and freedom. I enjoy scanning the sky and "discovering" objects and identifying them rather than working only from a list. I enjoy digging back into my mind and finding an object once again by remembering exactly how to find it...

Starhopping, one learns the sky on a different scale, a different level, than one does using DSCs or GOTO. It maybe in bits and pieces, especially at first, but those bits and pieces slowly come together one develops an intimate knowledge of many parts of the sky, it is just a natural result of the process...

Last night I was able to zero in on the faint nebulosity in NGC 2467 in Puppis from my light polluted backyard. It's 30 degrees above the horizon at best and in the muck of light pollution. It is an object I had first "discovered" just wandering around from a dark site with a larger scope, but last night, with an O-III filter and my NP-101 I put it right in the eyepiece just because I knew exactly how to find it.

Rod likes to think that starhopping is unpopular and I imagine he is right for those who frequent this forum. In general "Cats and Casses" are poorly suited for starhopping because their long focal lengths and slow focal ratios make for narrow fields of view that typically are quite dim. The maximum well illuminated TFoVs associated with a C-8 are narrower than those of a 16 inch F/4.4 Newtonian...

Starhoppers typically choose fast scopes because they provide bright widefield views, an advantage both in locating a target but also well suited for just scanning the sky and looking around. The refractor forum and the reflector forum is where starhoppers are more likely to hang out. Starhopping ain't that big a deal with fast 4 inch refractor with a 4+ degree TFoV.

One of my favorite things to do is to just put in a ~30mm 2 inch widefield eyepiece in a fast Newtonian and just work my way in broad strokes through the summer Milky Way, the myriad of small objects, the valleys and mountains of nebulosity, it is just pure visual pleasure. It's like wandering around with a pair of binoculars, but those big bright views that are detailed on a fine scale.

So, if Starhopping is only a means to an end and not part of the joy of the observing, forget it, if it's not fun, it's not worth doing.

On the other hand, there are many who enjoy it. And it's not just us old geezers. My observing buddy, he's no luddite. If you have a CDMA phone, it is most likely he developed the lowest level software that talks to the actual silicon chips. He has a XT-10i, never used the Intelliscope.. My other buddy, he had a Nexstar 11. It's gone in favor of a big dob and some smaller Newts and refractors...

There are many ways to enjoy this hobby. Discovering what I enjoyed about amateur astronomy was really the key that transformed an enjoyable experience into a passion. Hopefully each of has been able to do that, whatever it might be.

Jon

P.S.: One doesn't spend 30 minutes looking for an object with GOTO, if you don't see it in a few minutes of looking, you know it is not there to be seen. The same is true of Starhopping.




Jon,

I was responding to the notion that using a goto scope would somehow create an obstacle to 'gaining a true knowledge of the universe'. In the first place, any dedicated amateur astronomer worth his salt is not just going to use a goto scope and not LOOK UP. The first telescope(s) we're going to use are OUR EYES. We can see where the scope is pointed and get an idea of where the object we're looking at is located relative to other objects. It's a fun pursuit to try to get perspective on the night sky that way.

Secondly, a good pair of binoculars is a great complement to ANY telescope. If I'm going to cruise the Milky Way looking for objects, 9 times out of 10 it'll be with a pair of giant binocs, not a telescope. For such scanning, even a Newt can be way too restricting for me. If I find something interesting, I'll take a look at it with the scope.

I agree with you that there are many ways to enjoy this hobby. Find what works and go with that.

Patrick


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
jimb1001
sage
*****

Reged: 11/14/09

Loc: Florida
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Patrick]
      #5137119 - 03/23/12 01:08 PM

If you live under dark skies and have a fast, wide field scope, starhopping makes some sense, if you enjoy the challenge. If you live under very light polluted skies, it doesn't make a whole lot of sense.

If you equate star hopping with some sort of "junior scientist" fantasy, good for you! Continue looking down your nose at people who do more actual observing in an hour than most starhoppers do in a night.

Holding on to some perceived "status" associated with starhopping is immature.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Frank2
super member
*****

Reged: 03/26/09

Loc: SC
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: jimb1001]
      #5137306 - 03/23/12 02:46 PM

When I first heard of goto scopes with 14,000 object databases I thought: Wow, what a waste! At the time I figured that there were about 100 objects worth looking at with amateur scopes. 50% showed some detail, 25% were dim fuzzy spots, and the remaianing 25% were barely perceptible dim fuzzy spots.

What is great about goto is you don't waste any time looking for something you may not be able to see. If I read on CN that NGC so and so is interesting I enter it into my ETX90 Autostar, or Meade Magellan II and take a look. Maybe do a quick spiral search to make sure its not just outside the field. I usually see at least something there. I have seen more and varied objects this way than I ever did star-hopping.

Three other favorite goto benefits for me are:

1) just point the scope randomly at the sky and hit identify and the scope surprises you with the nearest object.

2)Pick a class of objects and methodically browse the list.

3)Connect to a laptop starchart and click on any DSO and take a look.

I am a firm believer in goto now and have gone from spending 60% of my time searching out an object and 40% viewing to 2% searching and 98% viewing. And if I look for and don't see 5 objects in a row I have only burned about 5 minutes of observing time.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Rick Woods
Postmaster
*****

Reged: 01/27/05

Loc: Inner Solar System
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Jon Isaacs]
      #5137359 - 03/23/12 03:26 PM

Quote:

Quote:

I wonder where the idea got started that you can't star-hop with a goto scope? I do it frequently; my scope has a finder, and what else is different except you're letting the motor move the scope instead of your hands?

I also just drift along the Milky Way sometimes. But one thing is different: if I come upon some unexpected gem, a colored double or something, I can identify it quickly by the coordinates displayed on my hand controller!

Yup, there's no downside to goto scopes in my book!




I guess you can starhop with a GOTO scope but when I have tried it, I have found it much more difficult and much slower than just doing it manually. It is lacking the simplicity and freedom, for example, very few GOTO scopes can be used effectively without power.

So I would say that while you can starhop with a GOTO to scope, if your goal is to star hop, simpler scopes are more effective. And too, part of the joy of starhopping is the lack of baggage.

As far as identifying an object by pushing the button, personally part of the joy of discovering a new object is going through the process of figuring out what it was I just saw, inverse starhopping, the other side of the coil.

But whatever works for you...

Jon




Jon,
I can't argue with a single thing you said! I enjoy all those things about star hopping as well, and agree that it's easier to do with a manual scope.
We should all have both types, so we can enjoy the pleasures of each whenever we want.

There's no right or wrong here, no reason at all for anyone to disagree. It's all just glass pointed at the sky. All the rest is technique, and that's a personal thing for each of us. Personally, I like it all.

But completely undriven mounts tend to be the least fun for me. I think clock drives are key.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Jon Isaacs
Postmaster
*****

Reged: 06/16/04

Loc: San Diego and Boulevard, CA
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: BigC]
      #5137505 - 03/23/12 05:11 PM

Quote:


So I see GOTO scopes as a wonderful option and aid.

Refusal to use available tools to make the task easy and more productive is no way to advance in any field.




This is a hobby, we are not doing real science, we are out enjoying the night sky the way that is the most rewarding for us as individuals.

What "task" is it we are making easier? If you find that starhopping is a "task", like I said, forget it. If looking through the eyepiece is a task, forget it.

But, hopefully you can understand that for some of us, it is part of the pleasure, part of the joy, that is just how it is.

For my part, I can certainly see that apparently finding targets is a "task" for you, GOTO is the right thing for you.

If I were doing science rather than recreation, advancing the field, I certainly wouldn't be starhopping but then I wouldn't be using eyepieces or refractors or SCTs or any number or obsolete instruments we enjoy.

Jon


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Jon Isaacs
Postmaster
*****

Reged: 06/16/04

Loc: San Diego and Boulevard, CA
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Rick Woods]
      #5137518 - 03/23/12 05:16 PM

Quote:

But completely undriven mounts tend to be the least fun for me. I think clock drives are key.




Rick:

I agree, no right or wrong.. I enjoy the freedom of undriven mounts. I have a fair number of driven mounts, even driven mounts with GOTO and I must admit that I did find NGC 2301 using a GOTO mount but outside of that, I use them as driven mounts.

But I like the freedom, I like the sense that I am out in the middle of the Navajo reservation with nothing for 30 miles but me and my scope, even if I am in the backyard.

jon


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Mark Costello
Carpal Tunnel
*****

Reged: 03/08/05

Loc: Matthews, NC, USA
Re: Have telescopes made a big step forward, or BACK new [Re: Frank2]
      #5137522 - 03/23/12 05:18 PM

Quote:


....just point the scope randomly at the sky and hit identify and the scope surprises you with the nearest object....





Reeeeeeally. That's an interest little fact.


Post Extras: Print Post   Remind Me!   Notify Moderator  
Pages: 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | (show all)


Extra information
23 registered and 26 anonymous users are browsing this forum.

Moderator:  Cotts, Starman27 

Print Thread

Forum Permissions
      You cannot start new topics
      You cannot reply to topics
      HTML is disabled
      UBBCode is enabled


Thread views: 5547

Jump to

CN Forums Home


Cloudy Nights LLC
Cloudy Nights Sponsor: Astronomics