I'm happy for people to continue discussing this question because the information will be useful to others who search for it, but I've reached my own conclusion: Either the 4mm Cave Orthostar was never produced, or if it was produced, it was no longer being sold at the time I bought my Cave Astrola - 1970, if I recall correctly. I will consider my collection complete when I can acquire a 20mm Cave Orthostar in similar condition to the others I own.
Cave Optical was a small shop, and business was touch and go. It's quite possible that they initially advertised all of the focal lengths available from the supplier, but didn't keep any inventory, simply ordering what they needed to fulfill orders as they came in. If nobody was ordering the 4mm, then it made sense to drop it from their catalog. Or maybe the eyepiece became exclusive to Meade under later agreements. Cave made several changes to their eyepiece offerings over the years. When my brother purchased his own Cave Astrola in the early 1960s he received a pair of volcano-top eyepieces I know nothing about, though there are pictures of them in some of the Cave ads or catalogs.
I don't have any interest in substituting a 4mm Meade Research Grade Ortho or any other similar eyepiece in place of the 4mm Cave Orthostar. That's just not the point of a collection.