Meteorites do not land as glowing rocks that take 20 minutes to cool down. The only portion that experiences significant heating is the surface, which generally forms a fusion crust. If the interiors were heated to that degree there would be evidence indicating so, and there isn't. The heating is due to air molecules being compressed at the leading edge, or the entire surface as a tumbling specimen rapidly traverses the atmosphere. There is insufficient time for such extreme heating to reach the interior. Large stones are too massive for this to occur in the short space before reaching the ground, small ones slow quickly after the initial fusion crust forms because they lack sufficient mass to overcome atmospheric drag and heating effects cease.
Fusion crusts have characteristics that result from heating and motion. Flow lines are sometimes present, indicating an extremely thin melt zone at the surface. Often this crust shows a series of fine cracks, a consequence of rapid cooling, as the interior remains cold. Interiors are generally pristine, retaining the characteristics present during formation. One example; iron meteorites are composed of kamacite and taenite, nickel iron crystals whose crystalline structure breaks down at much lower temperatures than that required to reach incandescence.
Lee