is this only for planets / moon?
Chromatic aberration - whatever its source - is most obvious on bright objects. That does not mean it does not occur when observing faint objects at lower elevation. It principle then, you may get a boost in apparent brightness when observing stars at fairly high magnification. An example might be when chasing close doubles.
The real issue is whether you can resolve the chromatic aberration. This plot comes from the technical notes supplied with my ADC by Pierro-Astro. This was measured at sea level.
The point is that even at an elevation of 30 deg, you will see a blur corresponding to 1 arcsec. If you can resolve this, the energy is being spread over a larger area and a star will be dimmed. On the other hand, if you live under the jet stream, the atmosphere will usually stir things up more than 1.5 arcsec and there's no benefit.
For reference, almost everyone can resolve 1 arcsec at about 120x, so dispersion is pretty much always there if you have a steady sky.