My 2 cents:
As Tom said, once you know the focal length of a Barlow, you can compute the amplification factor based on the spacing between the Barlow's optics and the focal plane.
A = 1 + D/F where D is the distance from the optics to the focal plane and F is the absolute value of the focal length. Negative lenses have negative focal lengths.
One can estimate the focal length by inspection. For a 2x Barlow, F= D. For a 3x Barlow, F= D/2.
I have found the following info on the web:
A-P Barcon -127 mm
TV 2x, 1.25 inch -74.4 mm
TV 3X, 1.25 inch -52.3 mm
TV 2x, 2 inch Big Barlow -90.4
I have the GSO 2 inch 2x ED Barlow. By drifting timing and respacing the Barlow, I've estimated that the focal length is approximately -100 mm. I use it spaced to provide 1.75x, it increases the back focus so it can be used with the Paracorr 2.
My friend Bruce (Astro-Master) has made a science of using the 17 mm and 13 mm Ethos with the 2x Big Barlow and the Barcon with spacers to provide a wide range of magnifications. He's gone as far as drift timing them to know the exact magnification.
As to why there aren't too many 1.5x Barlows, I think it's because a 2 x Barlow is more versatile. Say you have a 7 mm eyepiece and a 5 mm eyepiece. With a 2x Barlow, you get 3.5 mm and 2.5 mm. With a 1.5x Barlow you get 4.7 mm and 3.3 mm.
Jon